“ALL HUMAN LIFE HAS ITS SEASONS, AND NO ONE’S PERSONAL CHAOS CAN BE PERMANENT: WINTER, AFTER ALL DOES NOT LAST FOREVER DOES IT? THERE IS SUMMER, TOO, AND SPRING, AND THOUGH SOMETIMES WHEN BRANCHES STAY DARK AND THE EARTH CRACKS WITH ICE, ONE THINKS THEY WILL NEVER COME, THAT SPRING, THAT SUMMER, BUT THEY DO, AND ALWAYS.” – T. CAPOTE

Pain is part of everyone’s life. And, you don’t have to merely sit on your hands a suffer when you’re in pain nor do you have to act on destructive urges that cause you more harm than good. There are ways to get through painful situations without making them worse.

In Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), a model of therapy created by Marsha Linehan, the tools to get through a crisis are called Distress Tolerance Skills. The goal of these skills is to get through a crisis without making the situation worse. They are intended for painful situations that you can’t immediately change.

Imagine you have a big fight with your partner on your way to work one morning. You’re upset, angry, sad, but you still have to get through your workday. What’s more you have to pull yourself together enough so you don’t have an emotional outburst at work. After all, collapsing into tears or yelling at your boss is frowned upon in most workplaces. Doing so would likely make the situation worse. So what can you do? Using the following distress tolerance skills can help reduce your suffering in the moment so you can get through your day.

1. Distracting skills: The aim of these skills is to decrease exposure to emotional triggers by distracting or refocusing attention and/or changing emotions. Examples include engaging in activities like exercise, playing video games (Candy Crush is a great distraction), call or text a friend, watch YouTube, do a cross word puzzle, take a hot or cold shower. Remove yourself either physically or mentally (push it to the back burner of your mind) from the painful situation.

2. Self-soothing skills: These skills are aimed at reducing pain by triggering the 5 senses. Smell: Aromatherapy, fresh air, a scented candle. Taste: bubble gum (It may sound silly, but it’s hard to be sad when you’re blowing bubbles), strong mints, tea or coffee, chocolate. Touch: use a stress ball, pet a dog or cat, massage your neck and feet, get a hug. Sight: look at pictures of family and friends, watch TV, go on Face Book, light a candle and watch the flame (mesmerizing). Sound: listen to music, sing, listen to nature (either real or virtual), talk to someone.

3. Improve the moment skills: These skills include relaxation techniques like guided imagery, meditation, taking a brief vacation (a 20 minute break or a day off), finding meaning in your pain and being your own cheerleader.

It’s important to experiment with these skills before you need them. Figure out what works for you and what doesn’t. It’s often effective to try more than one thing at a time. You might take a bubble bath with candles and soothing music for example.

These skills are not intended as a way to completely avoid pain. Doing so would only exacerbate your suffering over time. Instead, the skills act as a stopgap until you are able to process and problem solve. They are a replacement for maladaptive behaviors that ultimately create more problems then they solve. If you go for a smoke, have a drink, eat junk, yell at your kids, excessively worry, ruminate about past mistakes, take your painful emotions out on others, etc. these skills are for you. The truth is even the most well adjusted among us needs these skills at one time or another.

Remember, pain is part of the human experience, but hopefully these tips can help reduce your suffering.